This post is quick introduction and overview to different railway electrification voltages used in answer to a question sent in via email. While there...

If you have a great idea or invent something the last thing you want is someone to steal the idea. One of the things you can do is protect the intellectual...

The new standard IEC 61439 replaces the old 60439. Compared to the old standard, the new 61439 is a more clearly defined and takes into account the assembly...

This morning I was explaining how differential protection works to a junior engineer. To give him something to read I opened up the NPAG (Network Protection...

Using laser optical pulses the random number generator utilizes the time between arrival of random photos to generate the numbers, ensuring true accuracy...

If you want to check a circuit is dead (not live), you should always use the three point method. First check a known live circuit, then check the dead...

Light Emitting Diodes (LED ) are increasing gaining favour in both the domestic and commercial sectors; due to their efficiency, sustainability and durability...

When looking at the design of a lighting scheme it is useful to have an understanding on the nature of light itself and some of the basic theory associated...

Fault calculations are one of the most common types of calculation carried out during the design and analysis of electrical systems. These calculations...

Cable insulation is used to provide electrical separation between conductors of  a cable.  During the historical development of cables, numerous types...