The correct sizing of current transformers is required to ensure satisfactory operation of measuring instruments and protection relays. Several methods...

Exposure to time varying magnetic fields, from power frequencies to the gigahertz range can have harmful consequences.  A lot of research has been conducted...

Depending where in the world you work, you are likely following one of two standards International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) National...

Battery powered cars are a hot topic and widely debated. The pros, cons, issues and time frames can be talked about endlessly. An article by the Telegraph...

When selecting a cable, the performance of the cable under fault conditions is an important consideration. It is important that calculations be carried...

One of the requirements to ensuring that everything works is to have equipment selected, manufactured and verified [tested] to IEC standards. Not all equipment...

The windings of many medium and small sized transformers are protected by restricted earth fault (REF) systems. The illustration shows the principal of...

In a previous article I looked at the dc resistance of conductors and in this article we turn our attention to ac resistance. If you have not read the...

In 2011, with the introduction of it’s Panda search ranking algorithms, Google introduced tools for determining the original author of posts.  The intention...

Fault calculations are one of the most common types of calculation carried out during the design and analysis of electrical systems. These calculations...