When selecting a cable, the performance of the cable under fault conditions is an important consideration. It is important that calculations be carried...

The windings of many medium and small sized transformers are protected by restricted earth fault (REF) systems. The illustration shows the principal of...

The term 'N+1' relates to redundancy and simply means that if you required 'N' items of equipment for something to work, you would have one additional...

In three phase systems, the use of transformers with three windings (or legs) per side is common.  These three windings are often connected in delta or...

There are a lot of interesting two page type notes on various medium voltage topics – switchgear, circuit breakers, bus systems etc. It is on the Siemens...

One of the requirements to ensuring that everything works is to have equipment selected, manufactured and verified [tested] to IEC standards. Not all equipment...

Modelica is an open source (free) software language for modelling complex systems. Having never used it before, I thought I would download a development...

Just added a page to the tools, which will allow you to calculate the synchronous speed, slip and rated torque for an induction motor. Not a particularly...

While there are a vast array of cable insulation materials, these are often divided into two general types; Thermoplastic or Thermosetting. For example...

The European Union is implementing a voluntary code of practice for participants with the aim of improving the overall efficiency of data centres. As part...