Photovoltaic (PV) cells (sometimes called solar cells) convert solar energy into electrical energy.  Every year more and more PV systems are installed...

Motor starting and its associated problems are well-known to many people who have worked on large industrial processes. However, these things are, of course...

Electrical engineering is a field that covers a wide variety of sub-fields, including electricity and electronics. It is a field that goes back to the...

In three phase systems, the use of transformers with three windings (or legs) per side is common.  These three windings are often connected in delta or...

There are a lot of interesting two page type notes on various medium voltage topics – switchgear, circuit breakers, bus systems etc. It is on the Siemens...

A single phase system is perhaps the most common type of system most people are familiar with. This is what people have in their homes and what appliances...

When sizing cables nearly, everyone uses some form of software. This ranges from homespun spreadsheets to complex network analyses software. Each has its...

Steel ladders, trays and baskets form the backbone of cable containment systems. Often these items need some form of surface treatment to prevent corrosion...

Often document control is dictated by project requirements, for example a particular organisation may have an existing numbering system. Existing company...

Earthing of electrical systems is essential for the correct functioning and the protecting of life and equipment in the event of faults.  The earth electrode...