One of the requirements to ensuring that everything works is to have equipment selected, manufactured and verified [tested] to IEC standards. Not all equipment...

Using laser optical pulses the random number generator utilizes the time between arrival of random photos to generate the numbers, ensuring true accuracy...

MIT OpenCourseWare, makes the materials used in teaching all MIT subjects available on the Web, free of charge, to any user in the world.

Following on from my post on railway electrification voltages, I thought an introduction to traction substations would be a good idea. Traction substations...

This post is quick introduction and overview to different railway electrification voltages used in answer to a question sent in via email. While there...

The fundamental component of any analogue computer is the operational amplifier, or op amp. An operational amplifier (often called an op-amp,) is a high...

At the beginning of the year China put the world's first 1,000 kV UHV transmission system into operation. Transmitting power at over a million volts is...

The following tables provide quick order of magnitude fault levels for a a range of typical low voltage situations.

Motor starting and its associated problems are well-known to many people who have worked on large industrial processes. However, these things are, of course...

A recurring theme on our forums is cable sizing. Now many installations are unique and require special consideration. However, a lot of the time things...