Earthing of electrical systems is essential for the correct functioning and the protecting of life and equipment in the event of faults.  The earth electrode...

The windings of many medium and small sized transformers are protected by restricted earth fault (REF) systems. The illustration shows the principal of...

When sizing cables, the heat generated  by losses within any sheath or armour need to be evaluated. When significant, it becomes a factor to be considered...

Depending where in the world you work, you are likely following one of two standards International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) National...

It starts with me reading one of the Horrible History books with my son (Groovy Greeks). Arrows were mentioned which lead to the discussion of the bodkin...

MIT OpenCourseWare, makes the materials used in teaching all MIT subjects available on the Web, free of charge, to any user in the world.

This post is quick introduction and overview to different railway electrification voltages used in answer to a question sent in via email. While there...

Capacitors have numerous applications in electrical and electronic applications.  This note examines the use of capacitors to store electrical energy....

Often document control is dictated by project requirements, for example a particular organisation may have an existing numbering system. Existing company...

Years ago I was told that you should always try to write the best report you can.  Many years later I still think on this as one of the better pieces of...