The windings of many medium and small sized transformers are protected by restricted earth fault (REF) systems. The illustration shows the principal of...

Motor starting and its associated problems are well-known to many people who have worked on large industrial processes. However, these things are, of course...

A single phase system is perhaps the most common type of system most people are familiar with. This is what people have in their homes and what appliances...

Installation of a UPS can help in reducing problems due to issues with the power supply.  A lot of people relate this to nine key issues.  Depending on...

IEC 60228 is the International Electrotechnical Commission's international standard on conductors of insulated cables. Among other things, it defines a...

When thinking about watts (W) or kilowatt (kW = 1000 W) it can be useful too keep in mind the fundamental ideas behind the unit. Watt is not a pure electrical...

Carrying out a protection system discrimination study is critical to ensure the correct functioning of  the electrical system in the event of faults. ...

Problems on achieving maximum voltage drop within an installation come up often. Depending where you live, local regulations will have different limits...

I have been thinking recently that there appears to be less professional integrity around than when I first started my career in electrical engineering...

Electrical engineering is a field that covers a wide variety of sub-fields, including electricity and electronics. It is a field that goes back to the...