Maxwell's Equations - Introduction
Maxwell's Equations are a set of fundamental relationships, which govern how electric and magnetic fields interact. The equations explain how these fields...
Fault Calculations - Typical Equipment Parameters
A frequent problem in fault calculations is the obtaining of equipment parameters. While it is always preferable to use the actual parameters of the equipment...
Voltage Levels – Confused?
I was having a conversation the other day about voltage levels. While everyone was in agreement that low voltage was 1000 V and less, there was more confusion...
IEC Document Designation
Often document control is dictated by project requirements, for example a particular organisation may have an existing numbering system. Existing company...
Periodic Electrical Installation Inspection – How Often?
How often installations are inspected is up to the owner of the installation, provided such durations do not exceed any regulatory maximums in force. ...
9 power supply issues solved by using a UPS
Installation of a UPS can help in reducing problems due to issues with the power supply. A lot of people relate this to nine key issues. Depending on...
Why use catalogues
I'm a fan of using manufacturers catalogues. There are two main reasons for this. Firstly, if your involved in the purchase of equipment, you will likely...
8 Steps to Low Voltage Power Cable Selection and Sizing
A recurring theme on our forums is cable sizing. Now many installations are unique and require special consideration. However, a lot of the time things...
Differential protection, the good old days
This morning I was explaining how differential protection works to a junior engineer. To give him something to read I opened up the NPAG (Network Protection...
Laplace Transform
Laplace transforms and their inverse are a mathematical technique which allows us to solve differential equations, by primarily using algebraic methods...